This animation uses a topographical map of Malawi to show how map scales work and how they are used to measure real-world distance. An animated hand demonstrates drawing, measuring with a ruler, and converting scale distances into actual kilometers. It then shows how to calculate area for regular shapes like squares and rectangles, and irregular shapes found on maps such as lakes or airfields, with narration in Chichewa for clarity. Useful for secondary geography and math students learning practical map skills.
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use this information to describe the process of mapping. describe a map and show map of Malawi in the examples. explain with animations and topographical miving visuals to explain the process and use the pasted info for reference. explain in Chichewa and use a animated hand to illustrate how student can draw and calculateMAPS Discuss methods used to measure distance Introduction: Previously during your junior classes, you learned about measuring distance. This time around you are going to learn more ways of measuring distance. Tip Have you ever measured the distance between your home and school? Explanation: Maps are useful for more than just directions. They can also help you determine the distance between two (or more) places. The scales on a map can be of different types, ranging from words and ratios to pictorial scales. Decoding the scale is the key to determining your distance. Discusss how to calculate area of regular and irregular shapes Introduction: On maps there are some areas where you need to calculate their area (how big the area is). Tip How can you ca;lculate an area of an airfield or a lake on a map? Explanation: You may find two types of areas to be calculated on topographical maps. These are regular and irregular shapes. Calculating area of regular shapes Examples of regular shapes are: squares, rectangles, circles and triangles. Calculating the area of these shapes uses formulae. For instance: Area of a square = side x side (s²) Area of a rectangle = Length x width (LxW) Area of a circle = 元 r² (Pie x Radius x Radius) Area of a triangle = ½ Base x Height (½bh) Activity 1 Using any extract of a topographical map, calculate the area of 4 grid squares. Calculating area of an irregular shape Some features do not have defined shape; such features are called irregular features. Examples of irregular feature include: natural forests game reserves and National parks. Procedure: Count the full squares and record the number Count all the in complete squares and divide the number by 2 then record the number. Add the full and incomplete squares then record. Multiply the number of full squares by the area of one square. See below: Full squares = 2 Incomplete squares = 10/2 = 5 Total full square = 2+5 = 7 Area of the forest = 7x1km² = 7km² Below is a video clip on the calculation of area. Click on the white triangle to view the video. Calculation of an irregular area is dependent upon the use of a formula where half boxes are divided by 2 and added to full boxes. Click here to try the quiz There are two types of areas to be calculated on topographical maps which are regular and irregular shapes. As you might recall from the last lesson, there are two types of shapes on a map which are regular and irregular. calculate an area of a forest or a lake? Can you list the procedures? Explanation: There are two types of shapes which are regular and irregular shapes. Calculating area of regular shapes Examples of regular shapes are: squares, rectangles, circles and triangles. Calculating the area of these shapes uses formulae. For instance: Area of a square = side x side (s²) Area of a rectangle = Length x width (LxW) Area of a circle = 元 r² (Pie x Radius x Radius) Area of a triangle = ½ Base x Height (½bh) Activity 1 Using any extract of a topographical map, calculate the area of 4 grid squares. Calculating area of an irregular shape Some features do not have defined shape; such features are called irregular features. Examples of irregular feature include: natural forests game reserves and National parks. Procedure: Count the full squares and record the number Count all the in complete squares and divide the number by 2 then record the number. Add the full and incomplete squares then record. Multiply the number of full squares by the area of one square. See below: Full squares = 2 Incomplete squares = 10/2 = 5 Total full square = 2+5 = 7 Area of the forest = 7x1km² = 7km² Draw a cross-section and river profiles Introduction: A cross section is a side view of a piece of land between two points along a straight line. When you draw a cross – section, you are in reality showing the shape of a feature viewed from the side as if cut through with a knife. Tip Have you ever thought how a side view of an area might look like? Explanation: Cross sections are very useful in understanding the relief of a map area. They are drawn using contour lines on a topographic map. STEPS FOLLOWED WHEN DRAWIGN A CROSS – SECTION Step 1: Identify the two points on the topographical map that will be represented by the cross – section and label them, for instance, L and M. use a straight line to join the two points. Ste Audience: middle schooler